Deep - Water Processes

Monday, June 10, 2013

2. Sandy mass-transport deposits (PDF)

Reviews

Shanmugam, G., 1996a, High-density turbidity currents: Are they sandy debris flows? Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 66, p. 2–10.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVeGpkZU9Gb05NaG8/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., 1996b, Perception vs. Reality in deep-water exploration: World Oil, v. 217, p. 37-41

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:

https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVVE5rbWtSUUdpbVE/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., 1997, Deepwater exploration: Conceptual models and their uncertainties: NAPE NAPE (Nigerian Assn. of Petrol. Explorationists) Bulletin v. 22, p. 11-28.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:

https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVUk9DN2c2WkZncE0/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., 2002. Ten turbidite myths: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 58, p. 311–341.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVNWZyQ2U0NC02X2M/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., 2010. Sandy-mass-transport deposits (SMTD) in deep-water environments: Recognition, geometry, and reservoir quality. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Annual Convention and Exhibition, New Orleans, Abstracts Volume, p. 234.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
http://www.searchanddiscovery.net/documents/2010/50291shanmugam/ndx_shanmugam.pdf (accessed June 9, 2013).

Shanmugam, G. 2013. New perspectives on deep-water sandstones: Implications: Petroleum Exploration and Development, v. 40 (3, June), p. 316-324. (in English).
To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVOGR5UlVTcVY5Y28/edit?usp=sharing

Books

Shanmugam, G., 2006, Deep-water processes and facies models: Implications for sandstone petroleum reservoirs: Amsterdam, Elsevier, Handbook of petroleum exploration and production, v. 5, 476 p.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVajRQcFZ4eUVEZjg/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., 2012, New perspectives on deep-water sandstones: Origin, recognition, initiation, and reservoir quality: Amsterdam, Elsevier, Handbook of petroleum exploration and production, v. 9, 524 p.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVMTZXaEpTTnQ3Vzg/view?usp=sharing

Online Reference Module

Shanmugam, G., 2013. Slides, Slumps, Debris Flows, and Turbidity Currents. In: Elias, S. A. (ed), Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Science. Elsevier Online.

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https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVekFCYXBMdC1Ibm8/view?usp=sharing

Flume Experimental Studies

Shanmugam, G., 2000, 50 years of the turbidite paradigm (1950s–1990s): Deep-water processes and facies models—A critical perspective: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 17, p. 285–342.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVRU9NSmRYNFNlYWc/edit?usp=sharing

Marr, J.G., Harff, P.A., Shanmugam, G., and Parker, G. 2001, Experiments on subaqueous sandy gravity flows: the role of clay and water content in flow dynamics and depositional structures: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 113, p. 1377-1386.
To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVTFVMQ21DR3p0dFU/edit?usp=sharing

Subsurface Case Studies of Petroleum Reservoirs

Shanmugam, G., L. R. Lehtonen, T. Straume, S. E. Syversten, R. J. Hodgkinson, and M. Skibeli, 1994, Slump and debris flow dominated upper slope facies in the Cretaceous of the Norwegian and Northern North Seas (61º–67º N): implications for sand distribution: AAPG Bulletin, v. 78, p. 910–937.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVRllLcHd3YUJqTkU/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., R. B. Bloch, S. M. Mitchell, G. W. J. Beamish, R. J. Hodgkinson, J. E. Damuth, T. Straume, S.E. Syvertsen, and K. E. Shields, 1995, Basin-floor fans in the North Sea: Sequence-stratigraphic models vs. sedimentary facies: AAPG Bulletin, v. 79, p. 477–512.
To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVSzhCSkl3ZEw3UEE/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., S. K. Shrivastava, and B. Das, 2009, Sandy debrites and tidalites of Pliocene reservoir sands in upper-slope canyon environments, offshore Krishna-Godavari Basin (India): Implications: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 79, p. 736–756.
To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVcGFLNjJ5SmtSaVk/edit?usp=sharing

Outcrop Case Studies

Shanmugam, G., and G. L. Benedict, 1978, Fine-grained carbonate debris flow, Ordovician basin margin, Southern Appalachians: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 48, p. 1233-1240.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVSnZmMUozRDR3amc/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., and R. J. Moiola, 1995, Reinterpretation of depositional processes in a classic flysch sequence in the Pennsylvanian Jackfork Group, Ouachita Mountains: AAPG Bulletin, v. 79, p. 672-695.
To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVWWtrSnRJcmtnVUU/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., Moiola, R.J., and Sales, J.K.., 1988, Duplex‑like structures in submarine fan channels, Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas: Geology, v. 16, p. 229‑232.

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https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVckM4dFpTaE9yVGM/edit?usp=sharing

3. Deep-marine bottom-current reworked sands (Articles PDF)

Reviews

Shanmugam, G., 1996, Perception vs. Reality in deep-water exploration: World Oil, v. 217, p. 37-41

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:

https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVVE5rbWtSUUdpbVE/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., 1997, Deepwater exploration: Conceptual models and their uncertainties: NAPE NAPE (Nigerian Assn. of Petrol. Explorationists) Bulletin v. 22, p. 11-28.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL

https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVUk9DN2c2WkZncE0/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., 2003, Deep-marine tidal bottom currents and their reworked sands in modern and ancient submarine canyons: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 20, p. 471–491
To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVZGFCOE9iTjhWTHM/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G. 2008, Deep-Water Bottom Currents and Their Deposits, in Rebesco, M., and Camerlenghi, A., eds., Contourites: Amsterdam, Elsevier, Developments in Sedimentology, v. 60, p. 59-81. Chapter 5.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVZ0xpZXhEWkxOWkk/edit?usp=sharing

References for the entire "Contourites" book that includes the above Chapter 5.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVeGpkZU9Gb05NaG8/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., 2013, Modern internal waves and internal tides along oceanic pycnoclines: Challenges and implications for ancient deep-marine baroclinic sands: AAPG Bulletin, v. 97(5), p. 799-843.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVUld0Qkc3S0xWckk/edit?usp=sharing

Books

Shanmugam, G., 2006, Deep-water processes and facies models: Implications for sandstone petroleum reservoirs: Amsterdam, Elsevier, Handbook of petroleum exploration and production, v. 5, 476 p.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:

https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVajRQcFZ4eUVEZjg/edit?usp=sharing

Elsevier site: http://store.elsevier.com/product.jsp?isbn=9780444563354

Subsurface Case Studies of Petroleum Reservoirs

Shanmugam, G., T. D. Spalding, and D. H. Rofheart, 1993a, Process sedimentology and reservoir quality of deep-marine bottom-current reworked sands (sandy contourites): an example from the Gulf of Mexico: AAPG Bulletin, v. 77, p. 1241–1259.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVaEVpQmNsRnd5TTA/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., T. D. Spalding, and D. H. Rofheart, 1993b, Traction structures in deep-marine bottom-current reworked sands in the Pliocene and Pleistocene, Gulf of Mexico: Geology, v. 21, p. 929-932.

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https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVSHpVaWNtT2dZM3c/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., Spalding, T.D., and Rofheart, D.H., 1995, Deep-marine bottom-current reworked sand (Pliocene-Pleistocene) Ewing Bank 826 Field, Gulf of Mexico, in R.D. Winn, Jr., and J.M. Armentrout, eds., Turbidites and associted deep-water facies: SEPM Core workshop No. 20, Houston, Texas, p. 25-54.

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Shanmugam, G., S. K. Shrivastava, and B. Das, 2009, Sandy debrites and tidalites of Pliocene reservoir sands in upper-slope canyon environments, offshore Krishna-Godavari Basin (India): Implications: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 79, p. 736–756.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVcGFLNjJ5SmtSaVk/edit?usp=sharing

Outcrop Case Studies

4. Deep-marine baroclinic sands of internal waves and internal tides (Article PDF)

Shanmugam, G., 2013, Modern internal waves and internal tides along oceanic pycnoclines: Challenges and implications for ancient deep-marine baroclinic sands: AAPG Bulletin, v. 97(5), p. 799-843.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVUld0Qkc3S0xWckk/edit?usp=sharing

5. Internal waves and tides and related facies models: Discussions (PDF)

Shanmugam, G., 2012, Discussion of He et al. 2011, Geo-Marine Letters) Evidence of internalwave and internal-tide deposits in the Middle Ordovician Xujiajuan Formation of the Xiangshan Group, Ningxia, China: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 32, p. 359-366.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVSFhDVXdibmtTVGs/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., 2013, Comment on “Internal waves, an underexplored source of turbulence events in the sedimentary record” by L. Pomar, M. Morsilli, P. Hallock, and B. Bádenas [Earth-Science Reviews, 111 (2012), 56–81]: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 116, p. 195–205.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVRjRKZ21EZmM5QTg/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., 2014. Review of research in internal-wave and internal-tide deposits of China: Discussion. Journal of Palaeogeography, v. 3 (October, No. 4), p. 332-350.

DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1261.2014.0006

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https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVNl9wWTM5ZkdZb1E/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., 2014. Modern internal waves and internal tides along oceanic pycnoclines: Challenges and implications for ancient deep-marine baroclinic sands: Reply. AAPG Bulletin 98, 858-879.

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https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVZDJlNUljOC1Fanc/edit?usp=sharing

6. The tsunamite problem, genetic nomenclature, tropical cyclones, and sedimentological issues (Articles PDF)

Shanmugam, G., 2006, The tsunamite problem: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 76, p. 718–730.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVXzFQMUVZTHFjd1E/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., 1984, Rock names challenged: Geotimes, June, v. 29, p. 6.
To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVMXhIbzJ2UklSZE0/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., 2012, Process-sedimentological challenges in distinguishing paleo-tsunami deposits, in A. Kumar and I. Nister, eds., Paleo-tsunamis: Natural Hazards, v. 63, p. 5–30.
To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVWnh2WGlRNlpfQzg/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., 2008, The constructive functions of tropical cyclones and tsunamis on deep-water sand deposition during sea level highstand: Implications for petroleum exploration: AAPG Bulletin, v. 92, p. 443–471.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVR2FoUjJFeEczbWM/edit?usp=sharing

7. Deep-water sequence Stratigraphy and related controversies (Articles PDF)

Shanmugam, G., R. B. Bloch, S. M. Mitchell, G. W. J. Beamish, R. J. Hodgkinson, J. E. Damuth, T. Straume, S.E. Syvertsen, and K. E. Shields, 1995, Basin-floor fans in the North Sea: Sequence-stratigraphic models vs. sedimentary facies: AAPG Bulletin, v. 79, p. 477–512.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVSzhCSkl3ZEw3UEE/edit?usp=sharing

R. N. Hiscott, K. T. Pickering, A. H. Bouma, B. M. Hand, B. C. Kneller, G. Postma, and W. Soh ,1997, Basin-floor fans in the North Sea; sequence stratigraphic models vs. sedimentary facies; discussion: AAPG Bulletin, April 1997, v. 81, p. 662-665.
To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVX2RuektqeWdsVFE/edit?usp=sharing

G. Shanmugam, R. B. Bloch, J. E. Damuth, and R. J. Hodgkinson. 1997, Basin-floor fans in the North Sea; sequence stratigraphic models vs. sedimentary facies; reply: AAPG Bulletin, April 1997, v. 81, p. 666-672.
To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVX0NjS0FQSjhScVU/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., Bloch, R. B., Mitchell, S. M., Damuth, J. E., Beamish, G. W. J., Hodgkinson, R. J., Straume, T., Syvertsen, S. E., and Shields, K. E., 1996, Slump and debris-flow dominated basin-floor fans in the North Sea: an evaluation of conceptual sequence-stratigraphical models based on conventional core data, in Hesselbo, S. P., and Parkinson, D. N., eds., Sequence Stratigraphy in British Geology, Geological Society Special Publication No. 103, p. 145–175.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVQVJ1Qk5XSy0yUFE/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., 2007, The obsolescence of deep-water sequence stratigraphy in petroleum geology: Indian Journal of Petroleum Geology, v. 16 (1), p. 1-45.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVTXlTenItTW4xb3c/edit?usp=sharing

8. Turbidite facies, submarine fans, eustasy, submarine canyons, etc. (Articles PDF)

Turbidite Facies

Shanmugam, G., 1980, Rhythms in deep sea, fine‑grained turbidite and debris‑flow sequences, Middle Ordovician, eastern Tennessee: Sedimentology, v. 27, p. 419‑432.

Stow, D. A. V., and Shanmugam, G., 1980, Sequence of structures in fine‑grained turbidites: Comparison of recent deep‑sea and ancient flysch sediments: Sedimentary Geology, v. 25, p. 23‑42.

Shanmugam, G., 1990, Deep-marine facies models and the interrelationship of depositional components in time and space, in Brown, G.C., Gorsline, D.S., and Schweller, W.J., eds. Applied Deep-Marine Sedimentation: SEPM Short Course No. 66, San Francisco, p. 199-246.

Shanmugam, G., 1996, High-density turbidity currents: Are they sandy debris flows? Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 66, p. 2–10.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVeGpkZU9Gb05NaG8/edit?usp=sharing

Note: The above JSR 1996 paper has achieved the status of the single most cited paper in sedimentological research published in three world-renowned periodicals - Journal of Sedimentary Research, Sedimentology, and Sedimentary Geology - during the survey period of 1996-2003 (Source: International Association of Sedimentologists Newsletter, August 2003)
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https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVU3FvbWZia1VlbTQ/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., J.E. Damuth, R.J. Moiola, 1985, Is the turbidite facies association scheme valid for interpreting ancient submarine fan environments? Geology, v. 13, p. 234_237.
To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVZHRMRVlkZktta0k/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., 1997. The Bouma Sequence and the turbidite mind set. Earth-Science Reviews, v. 42, p. 201–229.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVcnowODk0X21XSUU/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., 2000, John E. Sanders and the turbidite controversy. In: Conference on the History of Geologic Pioneers (Ed. G. M. Friedman), Rensselaer Center of Applied Geology, Troy, New York, p. 19–20.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVeWo2S1A5YlczeWs/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., 2000, 50 years of the turbidite paradigm (1950s–1990s): Deep-water processes and facies models—A critical perspective: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 17, p. 285–342.

To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVRU9NSmRYNFNlYWc/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., 2002. Ten turbidite myths: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 58, p. 311–341.
To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVNWZyQ2U0NC02X2M/edit?usp=sharing

Submarine Fans

The late W.R. Normark (U.S.G.S) and Professor Emiliano Mutti have made pioneering contributions in understanding modern and ancient submarine fans, respectively. The following photo was taken during a field trip associated with the NATO Advanced Study Institute Conference on "Reading Provenance from Arenites" held in Calabria (1984), Italy.

The following photo of G. Shanmugam (left) and Professor Garrett Briggs (University of Tennessee, Knoxville), who introduced Shanmugam to the classic flysch sequences of the Ouachita Mountains, was taken during a field trip to the Ouachitas in the summer of 1975.

G. Shanmugam and R.J. Moiola co-authored many papers on submarine fans in the 1980s and 1990s. The photo below of Shanmugam (left) and Moiola was taken by Professor Emiliano Mutti in March 1981 near Tremp, Spain.

Note: The above paper resulted in the following five discussions and a reply in the AAPG Bulletin. No other single paper has generated this much controversy occupying 42 printed pages in the AAPG Bulletin.

Slatt, R.M., Weimer, P., Stone, C.G., 1997. Reinterpretation of depositional processes in a classic flyschsequence (Pennsylvanian Jackfork Group), Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas and Oklahoma: Discussion. Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geol. Bull. 81, 449-459.

Lowe, D.R., 1997. Reinterpretation of depositional processes in a classic flysch sequence (Pennsylvanian Jackfork Group), Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas and Oklahoma: Discussion. Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geol. Bull. 81, 460-465.

Coleman Jr., J.L., 1997. Reinterpretation of depositional processes in a classic flysch sequence Pennsylvanian Jackfork Group), Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas and Oklahoma: Discussion. Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geol. Bull. 81, 466-469.

Bouma, A.H., DeVries, M.B., Stone, C.G., 1997. Reinterpretation of depositional processes in a classic flysch sequence (Pennsylvanian Jackfork Group), Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas and Oklahoma: Discussion. Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geol. Bull. 81, 470-472.

D’Agostino, A.E., Jordan, D.W., 1997. Reinterpretation of depositional processes in a classic flysch sequence (Pennsylvanian Jackfork Group), Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas and Oklahoma: Discussion. Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geol. Bull. pp. 473-475.

Shanmugam, G., and R. J. Moiola, 1997, Reinterpretation of depositional processes in a classic flysch sequence in the Pennsylvanian Jackfork Group, Ouachita Mountains: Reoly (to all five discussions listed above): AAPG Bulletin, v. 81, p. 476-491.
To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVU2lhLXowY2tUMXc/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., and Moiola, R. J., 1985, Submarine fan models: Problems and solutions, in A. H. Bouma et al. (eds.), Submarine fans and related turbidite systems: Springer Verlag, New York, pp. 29‑34.
To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVMXRabmw2aXl4MFk/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., and Moiola, R.J., 1988, Submarine fans: Characteristics, models, classification, and reservoir potential: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 24, p. 383-428.

Moiola, R. J., Briggs, G., and Shanmugam, G., 1988, Carboniferous flysch, Ouachita Mountains, Southeastern Oklahoma; Big Cedar‑Kiamichi Mountain section: Geol. Soc. America Centennial Field Guide‑‑South‑Central Section, pp. 149‑152.

Shanmugam, G., et al., 1988, Comparison of turbidite facies associations in modern passive‑margin Mississippi fan with ancient active‑margin fans: Sedimentary Geology, v. 58, pp. 63‑67.

Shanmugam, G., and Moiola, R. J., 1991, Submarine fan lobes: models and implications: AAPG Bulletin, v. 75, p. 156-179.

Shanmugam, G., 1992, Submarine fans: 7th Edition of Encyclopedia of Science and Technology: New York, McGraw‑Hill Book Company, p. 552-558.

Shanmugam, G., and Lash, G. G., 1982, Analogous tectonic evolution of the Ordovician foredeeps, southern and central Appalachians: Geology, v. 10, p. 562‑566.
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Eustasy

Shanmugam, G., and Moiola, R. J., 1982, Eustatic control of turbidites and winnowed turbidites: Geology, v. 10, p. 231‑235.

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https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVUkR3S29KZXlEekE/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., and Moiola, R. J., 1983, Comment and reply on "Eustatic control of turbidites and winnowed turbidites"‑Reply: Geology, v. 11, pp. 58‑60. To download PDF, click or copy and paste URL:

https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVcGZzRFZTSTNHclE/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., and Moiola, R. J., 1983, Comment and reply on "Eustatic control of turbidites and winnowed turbidites"‑Reply: Geology, v. 11, pp. 58‑60.

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https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVcGZzRFZTSTNHclE/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G., and Moiola, R. J., 1984, Eustatic control of calciclastic turbidites: Marine Geology, v. 56, p. 273‑278.
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https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVMmNCZXRjeE1OZTA/edit?usp=sharing

Shanmugam, G.,Moiola, R.J., and Damuth, J.E.., 1985, Eustatic control of submarine fan development, in A. H. Bouma et al. (eds.), Submarine fans and related turbidite systems: Springer Verlag, New York, pp. 24‑28.

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https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7yqaSoBdSEVNVR2M2VjYV9YbXM/edit?usp=sharing

Submarine Canyons

Shanmugam, G., 2002, Submarine canyons. AccessScience, McGrawHill Education.

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http://www.accessscience.com/abstract.aspx?id=664300&referURL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.accessscience.com%2fcontent.aspx%3fid%3d664300

Deep-marine Sediments

Shanmugam, G., 2009, Slides, slumps, debris flows, and turbidity currents, in J.H., Steele, S.A. Thorpe, and K.K. Turekian, eds., Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, 2^nd ed: Waltham, Massachusetts, Academic Press (Elsevier), p. 447-467.

Shanmugam, G., 2002, Deep-marine sediments. AccessScience, McGrawHill Education.

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